by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Symmetric membranes have a uniform structure and high mechanical stability but higher resistance. Asymmetric membranes consist of a thin selective layer and a porous support, enabling high flux and performance.
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
RO is based on the solution-diffusion model. Water is pressed through the membrane under high pressure (20–120 bar), while dissolved substances are retained. Typical retention rates: up to 99 %
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Reverse osmosis membranes are used for near-complete desalination and purification of water in industrial and drinking water applications.
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Nanofiltration combines size exclusion and solution-diffusion mechanisms. Properties: – Pore size: 1 – 10 nm – Ion selectivity – Pressure: 3 – 30 bar
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Nanofiltration membranes are used for selective removal of dissolved substances and partial desalination, especially for water softening.
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Ultrafiltration relies on size exclusion. Larger molecules are retained, while smaller molecules pass. Parameters: – Pore size: 0.01 – 0.1 µm – Cut-off: 10–100 kDa – Pressure: 2 – 5 bar
by Christoph Dittrich | 19.4.2026
Ultrafiltration membranes are used to remove macromolecules, colloids, bacteria, and viruses in water treatment and industrial processes.
by Christoph Dittrich | 17.4.2026
Microfiltration is based on size exclusion. Technical parameters: – Pore size: 0.1 – 10 µm – Pressure: 0.1 – 3 bar
by Christoph Dittrich | 17.4.2026
Microfiltration membranes are used to remove suspended solids, bacteria, and turbidity. They are widely applied in beverage processing, water treatment, and as pre-filtration for finer membrane systems.
by Christoph Dittrich | 17.4.2026
Symmetrische Membranen haben eine gleichmäßige Struktur über den gesamten Querschnitt. Sie sind mechanisch robust, weisen jedoch einen höheren Strömungswiderstand auf. Asymmetrische Membranen bestehen aus einer dünnen, dichten Trennschicht und einer porösen...
by Christoph Dittrich | 17.4.2026
RO basiert auf dem Lösungs-Diffusions-Modell. Durch hohen Druck (20–120 bar) wird Wasser durch die Membran gepresst, während gelöste Stoffe zurückgehalten werden. Typische Rückhalteraten: bis zu 99 %
by Christoph Dittrich | 17.4.2026
Umkehrosmose wird eingesetzt, um Wasser nahezu vollständig zu reinigen und zu entsalzen. Anwendungen umfassen Meerwasserentsalzung, Reinstwasserproduktion und industrielle Wasseraufbereitung.
